Solution - Quadratic equations

Rearrange:

Rearrange the equation by subtracting what is to the right of the equal sign from both sides of the equation :

                     5*k^2-(21*k+4)=0 

Step by step solution :

Step  1  :

Equation at the end of step  1  :

  5k2 -  (21k + 4)  = 0 

Step  2  :

Trying to factor by splitting the middle term

 2.1     Factoring  5k²-21k-4 

The first term is,  5k²  its coefficient is  5 .
The middle term is,  -21k  its coefficient is  -21 .
The last term, "the constant", is  -4 

Step-1 : Multiply the coefficient of the first term by the constant   5 • -4 = -20 

Step-2 : Find two factors of  -20  whose sum equals the coefficient of the middle term, which is   -21 .

Observation : No two such factors can be found !!
Conclusion : Trinomial can not be factored

Equation at the end of step  2  :

  5k2 - 21k - 4  = 0 

Step  3  :

Parabola, Finding the Vertex :

 3.1      Find the Vertex of   y = 5k²-21k-4

Parabolas have a highest or a lowest point called the Vertex .   Our parabola opens up and accordingly has a lowest point (AKA absolute minimum) .   We know this even before plotting  "y"  because the coefficient of the first term, 5 , is positive (greater than zero). 

 Each parabola has a vertical line of symmetry that passes through its vertex. Because of this symmetry, the line of symmetry would, for example, pass through the midpoint of the two  x -intercepts (roots or solutions) of the parabola. That is, if the parabola has indeed two real solutions. 

 Parabolas can model many real life situations, such as the height above ground, of an object thrown upward, after some period of time. The vertex of the parabola can provide us with information, such as the maximum height that object, thrown upwards, can reach. For this reason we want to be able to find the coordinates of the vertex. 

 For any parabola,Ak²+Bk+C,the  k -coordinate of the vertex is given by  -B/(2A) . In our case the  k  coordinate is   2.1000  

 Plugging into the parabola formula   2.1000  for  k  we can calculate the  y -coordinate : 
  y = 5.0 * 2.10 * 2.10 - 21.0 * 2.10 - 4.0
or   y = -26.050

Parabola, Graphing Vertex and X-Intercepts :

Root plot for :  y = 5k²-21k-4
Axis of Symmetry (dashed)  {k}={ 2.10} 
Vertex at  {k,y} = { 2.10,-26.05} 
 k -Intercepts (Roots) :
Root 1 at  {k,y} = {-0.18, 0.00} 
Root 2 at  {k,y} = { 4.38, 0.00} 

Solve Quadratic Equation by Completing The Square

 3.2     Solving   5k²-21k-4 = 0 by Completing The Square .

 Divide both sides of the equation by  5  to have 1 as the coefficient of the first term :
   k²-(21/5)k-(4/5) = 0

Add  4/5  to both side of the equation :
   k²-(21/5)k = 4/5

Now the clever bit: Take the coefficient of  k , which is  21/5 , divide by two, giving  21/10 , and finally square it giving  441/100 

Add  441/100  to both sides of the equation :
  On the right hand side we have :
   4/5  +  441/100   The common denominator of the two fractions is  100   Adding  (80/100)+(441/100)  gives  521/100 
  So adding to both sides we finally get :
   k²-(21/5)k+(441/100) = 521/100

Adding  441/100  has completed the left hand side into a perfect square :
   k²-(21/5)k+(441/100)  =
   (k-(21/10)) • (k-(21/10))  =
  (k-(21/10))²
Things which are equal to the same thing are also equal to one another. Since
   k²-(21/5)k+(441/100) = 521/100 and
   k²-(21/5)k+(441/100) = (k-(21/10))²
then, according to the law of transitivity,
   (k-(21/10))² = 521/100

We'll refer to this Equation as  Eq. #3.2.1  

The Square Root Principle says that When two things are equal, their square roots are equal.

Note that the square root of
   (k-(21/10))²   is
   (k-(21/10))^2/2 =
  (k-(21/10))¹ =
   k-(21/10)

Now, applying the Square Root Principle to  Eq. #3.2.1  we get:
   k-(21/10) = √ 521/100

Add  21/10  to both sides to obtain:
   k = 21/10 + √ 521/100

Since a square root has two values, one positive and the other negative
   k² - (21/5)k - (4/5) = 0
   has two solutions:
  k = 21/10 + √ 521/100
   or
  k = 21/10 - √ 521/100

Note that  √ 521/100 can be written as
  √ 521  / √ 100   which is √ 521  / 10

Solve Quadratic Equation using the Quadratic Formula

 3.3     Solving    5k²-21k-4 = 0 by the Quadratic Formula .

 According to the Quadratic Formula,  k  , the solution for   Ak²+Bk+C  = 0  , where  A, B  and  C  are numbers, often called coefficients, is given by :
                                     
            - B  ±  √ B²-4AC
  k =   ————————
                      2A

  In our case,  A   =     5
                      B   =   -21
                      C   =   -4

Accordingly,  B²  -  4AC   =
                     441 - (-80) =
                     521

Applying the quadratic formula :

               21 ± √ 521
   k  =    ——————
                      10

  √ 521   , rounded to 4 decimal digits, is  22.8254
 So now we are looking at:
           k  =  ( 21 ±  22.825 ) / 10

Two real solutions:

 k =(21+√521)/10= 4.383

or:

 k =(21-√521)/10=-0.183

Two solutions were found :

1.  k =(21-√521)/10=-0.183
2.  k =(21+√521)/10= 4.383